A Course of Readings in Reformed Systematic Theology

The readings are cumulative, and thus the material for a later lesson builds on what was read in the earlier lessons. Compiled by Rev. R. Sherman Isbell.

Part I: Prolegomena

Lesson 1: Systematic Theology

Henry, Carl F. H.  God, Revelation and Authority.  Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1976-83.  "The Method and Criteria of Theology (II): The Role of Reason, Scripture, Consistency and Coherence."  In vol. 1, God Who Speaks and Shows: Preliminary Considerations, 225-44.

Muller, Richard A.  Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987-.  "Orthodoxy and Scholasticism in Protestant Thought," "The Reformation and Theological System," "The Rise of Orthodoxy and the Structures of Protestant Scholastic Theology," "Archetypal and Ectypal Theology," "Theology As Communicated to Men," "Theology: Theoretical or Practical?," "Fundamental Articles and Basic Principles of Theology."  In vol. 1, Prolegomena to Theology, 13-40, 123-36, 153-66, 215-26, 277-311.

*Murray, John.  "Systematic Theology."  In Collected Writings of John Murray, 4:1-21.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

Warfield, Benjamin B.  "The Right of Systematic Theology."  In Selected Shorter Writings of Benjamin B. Warfield, 2:219-79.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1970-73. 

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "The Idea of Systematic Theology," "The Task and Method of Systematic Theology."  In vol. 9, Studies in Theology, 49-105.

Lesson 2: General Revelation

*Berkouwer, G. C.  General Revelation, 9-57, 117-72, 187-206.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1955.

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.i-v (1:35-69).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

Chalmers, Thomas.  The Works of Thomas Chalmers.  Glasgow: William Collins, 1835-42.  Paragraphs 28-44 of "On the Defects and the Uses of Natural Theology," in vol. 2, On Natural Theology, 398-420.

Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 101-113.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

Demarest, Bruce A.  General Revelation: Historical Views and Contemporary Issues, 227-47.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1982.

Dowey, Edward A.  "Conscience."  In The Knowledge of God in Calvin's Theology, 56-72.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

*Helm, Paul.  "Calvin and Natural Law."  Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology 2(1984):5-22.

Hodge, Charles.  "The Origin of the Idea of God."  In Systematic Theology, 1:191-203.  1871.  Reprint.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1960.

Murray, John.  The Epistle to the Romans, 1:37-40, 50-53, 72-76 (on Romans 1:19-20, 29-32, 2:14-15).  London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1967.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Whether natural theology may be granted," "Is natural theology sufficient for salvation; or is there a common religion by which all promiscuously may be saved?"  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:6-16.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 5, Calvin and Calvinism, "Calvin's Doctrine of the Knowledge of God," 29-48.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.i, vi, X.iv, XX.iv, XXI.i, vii; Larger Catechism 2, 60, 151.

Lesson 3: Inspiration of Scripture

*Hodge, A. A., and Warfield, Benjamin B.  "Inspiration."  The Princeton Defense of Plenary Verbal Inspiration, edited by Mark A. Noll, 40-75.  New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1988.  Reprinted from Presbyterian Review 2(1881):225-60.  Also reprinted in Inspiration, with an introduction by Roger Nicole, vii-xiv, 5-71.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1979.

Nicole, Roger.  "The Biblical Concept of Truth."  In Scripture and Truth, edited by D. A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge, 287-98.  1983.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 1, Revelation and Inspiration, v-ix, 3-332.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Doctrine of Holy Scripture," 201-209.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.i.

Young, Edward J.  "What is Inerrancy?"  In Thy Word is Truth: Some Thoughts on the Biblical Doctrine of Inspiration, 113-59.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1963.

Lesson 4: Canon

Beckwith, Roger.  "Introduction," "The Fact of the Canon," (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) of "The Identity of the Canonical Books: The Books Excluded As Uncanonical."  In The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church, 1-15, 63-104, 366-408, 419-33.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1986.  

*Ridderbos, Herman N.  "The Canon of the New Testament."  In Redemptive History and the New Testament Scriptures, 1-47.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1988.

Stonehouse, N. B.  "The Authority of the New Testament."  In The Infallible Word, edited by N. B. Stonehouse and Paul Woolley, 92-140.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1946.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.ii-iii.

*Young, Edward J.  "The Authority of the Old Testament."  In The Infallible Word, edited by N. B. Stonehouse and Paul Woolley, 55-91.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1946.

Lesson 5: Authority of Scripture

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.vi-ix (1:69-96).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

Helm, Paul.  "Revelation and Objectivity."  In The Divine Revelation, 37-55.  London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1982.

*Murray, John.  The Infallible Word, edited by N. B. Stonehouse and Paul Woolley, "The Attestation of Scripture," 1-42.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1946.

Murray, John.  Collected Writings of John Murray, "Calvin and the Authority of Scripture," 4:176-83.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

Packer, J. I.  "Authority."  In 'Fundamentalism' and the Word of God, 41-74.  London: Inter-Varsity Fellowship, 1958.

*Turretin, Francis.  "From what source does the divine authority of the Scriptures become known to us?"  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:85-94.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 4, Studies in Tertullian and Augustine, second article of "Augustine's Doctrine of Knowledge and Authority," 178-225.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Doctrine of Holy Scripture," 155-201, 210-24.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.iv-v; Larger Catechism 4.

*Whitaker, William.  A Disputation On Holy Scripture.  "Concerning the Authority of Scripture," 275-300, 327-58.  Translated by William Fitzgerald.  The Parker Society.  Cambridge: The University Press, 1849.

Lesson 6: Internal Testimony of the Holy Spirit

Cunningham, William.  "Testimony of the Spirit, Following the Confession of Faith."  Theological Lectures, 320-30.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

Halyburton, Thomas.  Propositions I-XII of "An Essay Concerning the Nature of Faith, or the Ground Upon Which Faith Assents to the Scriptures."  In The Works of Thomas Halyburton, 526-46.  Edited by Robert Burns.  London: Thomas Tegg and Son, 1835.

*Murray, John.  The Infallible Word, edited by N. B. Stonehouse and Paul Woolley, "The Attestation of Scripture," 42-54.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1946.

Murray, John.  Collected Writings of John Murray, "Calvin and the Authority of Scripture," 4:183-90.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

*Owen, John.  "The Reason of Faith."  In The Works of John Owen, 4:3-115.  Chapters II and IV-VI in "Of the Divine Original, Authority, Self-Evidencing Light, and Power of the Scriptures," 16:306-312, 318-43.    Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 5, Calvin and Calvinism, "Calvin's Doctrine of the Knowledge of God," 60-130.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.v; Larger Catechism 4.

Lesson 7: Perspicuity and Sufficiency of Scripture

Cunningham, William.  "Romanist Theory of Development."  In Discussions of Church Principles: Popish, Erastian, and Presbyterian, 35-77.  Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1863.

Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 492-515.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

*Helm, Paul.  "Evolution, Tradition and Development."  In The Divine Revelation, 89-103.  London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1982.

Martin, Hugh.  "The Conjunction of the Presence and the History," "The Presence - By the Spirit," "The Presence - In the History."  In Christ's Presence in the Gospel History, 9-41.  Edinburgh: John MacLaren, 1865.

*Murray, John.  "The Finality and Sufficiency of Scripture."  In Collected Writings of John Murray, 1:16-22.  "Tradition: Romish and Protestant," 4:264-73.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

*Turretin, Francis.  "The Perfection of the Scriptures," "The Perspicuity of the Scriptures."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:134-47.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Doctrine of Holy Scripture," 224-35.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.vi-vii, XVI.i, XX.ii, XXI.i, XXXI.iii; Larger Catechism 3, 108-109; Shorter Catechism 2.

Whitaker, William.  A Disputation On Holy Scripture.  "Concerning the Perfection of Scripture, Against Human Traditions," 513-24.  Translated by William Fitzgerald.  The Parker Society.  Cambridge: The University Press, 1849.

Lesson 8: Use of Scripture

Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 525-50, 558-68, 580-90.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

Helm, Paul.  "The Role of Logic in Biblical Interpretation."  In Hermeneutics, Inerrancy, and the Bible, edited by Earl D. Radmacher and Robert D. Preus, 841-58.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984.

Muller, Richard A.  "The 'Divers Senses' of Scripture."  In Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987-.  Vol. 2, Holy Scripture: The Cognitive Foundation of Theology, 487-99.

*Owen, John.  "The Causes, Ways, and Means of Understanding the Mind of God As Revealed in His Word."  In The Works of John Owen, 4:117-234.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Packer, James I.  "Hermeneutics and Biblical Authority."  The Churchman 81(1967):7-21.

Shedd, W. G. T.  "The Westminster Affirmation of the Original Inerrancy of the Scriptures."  In Calvinism: Pure and Mixed, 132-44.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1986.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Doctrine of Holy Scripture," 235-53.

*Weeks, Noel.  The Sufficiency of Scripture, 1-90.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1988.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.viii-ix; Larger Catechism 5; Shorter Catechism 3.

Lesson 9: Rule of Faith

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion IV.viii.1-x.26 (2:1149-1205).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 516-24, 602-12.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

*Hodge, Charles.  Essays and Reviews, articles I and II of "The Theology of the Intellect and That of the Feelings," 539-69, 597-611.  Reprinted from Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review 22(1850):642-74, 23(1851):332-47.

*Kelley, J. N. D.  "Tradition and Scripture."  In Early Christian Doctrine, fourth ed., 29-51.  London: Adam and Charles Black, 1968.

*Turretin, Francis.  "The Supreme Judge of Controversies and Interpreter of the Scriptures."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:154-62.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Doctrine of Holy Scripture," 253-57.  Vol. 9, Studies in Theology, "The Latest Phase of Historical Rationalism," "Mysticism and Christianity," 585-618, 649-66.

Welch, Claude.  "Schleiermacher's Theological Program."  In Protestant Thought in the Nineteenth Century, 1:59-85.  New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1972-88.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.viii and x, XXXI.iii-iv; Larger Catechism 3; Shorter Catechism 2.

Lesson 10: Reason and Private Judgment

Bates, William.  Chapter VII of "The Harmony of the Divine Attributes."  In The Whole Works of W. Bates, 1:271-84.  Harrisonburg, Virginia: Sprinkle Publications, 1990.

*Bruce, Archibald.  "On the Right of Private Judgment, and Due Freedom of Inquiry."  Introductory and Occasional Lectures, for Forming the Minds of Young Men Intending the Holy Ministry, to Theological and Useful Learning, Religion, and Good Manners, 233-313.  Edinburgh: Macredie, Skelly and Muckersy, 1817.

Cunningham, William.  "The Principles of the Reformation Not the Causes of Sects and Heresies."  In Ter-Centenary of the Scottish Reformation, edited by J. A. Wylie, 108-122.  Edinburgh: John MacLaren, 1860.

Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 569-79.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

*Helm, Paul.  "Reason — Substantive and Procedural," "Anselm's Proslogion," "Anselm's Understanding of the Incarnation," 5-8, 104-51.  In Faith and Understanding.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997.

*Hodge, Charles.  "Proper Office of Reason in Matters of Religion," "Relation of Philosophy and Revelation," "Office of the Senses in Matters of Faith."  In Systematic Theology, 1:49-60.  1871.  Reprint.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1960.

Muller, Richard A.  Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987-.  "The Instrumental Function of Reason."  In vol. 1, Prolegomena to Theology, 243-49.

Nash, Ronald H.  "The Role of Faith."  In The Light of the Mind: St. Augustine's Theory of Knowledge, 24-38.  Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1969.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Is human reason the principle and rule by which the doctrines of the Christian religion and theology (which are the objects of faith) ought to be measured?," "Does any judgment belong to reason in matters of faith?," "May the judgment of contradiction be allowed to human reason in matters of faith?," "Is there any use of the testimony of the senses in mysteries of faith?" "The Use of Consequences," "Is there any use of philosophy in theology?" and paragraphs XI-XVII of topic III, question XXI ("The Power of God").  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:23-47, 246-47.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith XX.ii, XXIX.vi.

Lesson 11: Epistemology

*Henry, Carl F. H.  God, Revelation and Authority.  Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1976-83.  "The Ways of Knowing," "A Priori Explanation of Religion," "The Philosophical Transcendent A Priori (I)," "The Theological Transcendent A Priori," "The Philosophic Transcendental (Critical) A Priori," "Reflections on Religious Apriorism."  In vol. 1, God Who Speaks and Shows: Preliminary Considerations, 70-95, 280-300, 323-63, 380-94.

*Hodge, Charles.  "The Knowledge of God."  In Systematic Theology, 1:335-65.  1871.  Reprint.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1960.

Nash, Ronald H.  "Intellection, Man's Knowledge of the Forms."  In The Light of the Mind: St. Augustine's Theory of Knowledge, 76-93.  Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 1969.

Nash, Ronald H.  The Word of God and the Mind of Man: The Crisis of Revealed Truth in Contemporary Theology.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 4, Studies in Tertullian and Augustine, first article of "Augustine's Doctrine of Knowledge and Authority," 135-77.

Lesson 12: Apologetics

*Clark, Gordon H.  "Is Christianity a Religion?," "Faith and Reason," "Revelation and Morality."  In Religion, Reason and Revelation, 1-110, 151-93.  Nutley, N. J.: Craig Press, 1978.

*Clark, Gordon H.  "Prolegomena and Apologetics."  In Karl Barth's Theological Method, 76-108.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1963.

Dooyeweerd, Herman.  "The Pretended Autonomy of Philosophical Thought I and II."  In In the Twilight of Western Thought, 1-60.  Nutley, N. J.: Craig Press, 1975.

Groen van Prinsterer, Guillaume.  Lectures VIII-IX ("Unbelief") of Groen Van Prinsterer's Lectures on Unbelief and Revolution, marginal pagination 180-223.  Edited by Harry van Dyke.  Jordan Station, Ontario: Wedge Publishing Foundation, 1989.

Machen, J. Gresham.  "Christianity and Culture."  In Education, Christianity, and the State, 45-59.  Jefferson, Maryland: Trinity Foundation, 1987.  Reprinted from The Princeton Theological Review 11(1913):1-15.

Lesson 13: Apologetics and Evidence

Chalmers, Thomas.  The Works of Thomas Chalmers.  Glasgow: William Collins, 1835-42.  Paragraphs 11-22 of "On the Moral Evidence For the Truth of the New Testament," and paragraphs 34-54 of "On the Experimental Evidence For the Truth of Christianity."  In vol. 4, On the Miraculous and Internal Evidences of the Christian Revelation, 68-91, 140-69.

Cunningham, William.  The Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation, "The Reformers and the Doctrine of Assurance," 114-17.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1967.

*Cunningham, William.  Theological Lectures, 307-19.  London: James Nisbet and Company, 1878.

Helm, Paul.  "Certainty."  In The Divine Revelation, 71-88.  London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1982.

*Helm, Paul.  "Faith, Evidence, and the Scriptures."  In Scripture and Truth, edited by D. A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge, 303-20.  1983.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992.

*Hodge, Charles.  "The internal evidence of the Divine origin of the Scriptures," "The internal evidence of the Divine origin is the proper ground of faith in the Scriptures."  In The Way of Life, 11-25.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1959.

Murray, John.  Review of Our Knowledge of God, by John Baillie.  In Collected Writings of John Murray, 3:295-300.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

Plantinga, Alvin.  "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?" (part IV of "Reason and Belief in God").  In Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God, edited by Alvin Plantinga and Nicholas Wolterstorff, 73-93.  Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.

*Warfield, Benjamin B.  "Introduction to Francis R. Beattie's Apologetics," "A Review of Herman Bavinck's De Zekerheid des Geloofs."  In Selected Shorter Writings of Benjamin B. Warfield, 2:93-123.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1970-73. 

Westminster Confession of Faith I.i and v; Larger Catechism 4.

Lesson 14: Philosophical Theology

Butler, Joseph.  Part I, chapters 2, 3, and 7, and part II, chapters 3 and 8, of The Analogy of Religion To the Constitution and Course of Nature.  In The Works of Joseph Butler, ed. W. E. Gladstone, 1:47-94, 160-76, 221-42.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1896.

Chalmers, Thomas.  Posthumous Works of Thomas Chalmers.  Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox, 1847-49.  "General Application of Our Views on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion."  In vol. 7, Institutes of Theology, 255-76.  Vol. 9, Prelections on Butler's Analogy, "Lectures on Butler's Analogy," 1-9, 15-24, 41-45, 54-58, 71-74.

Charnock, Stephen.  "The Existence of God."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 1:126-82.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Davis, Stephen T.  God, Reason and Theistic Proofs.  "The Ontological Argument," 15-35.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997.

*Edwards, Jonathan.  "The insufficiency of reason as a substitute for revelation," "On the medium of moral government - particularly conversation" (part I, chapters VII and VIII of "Miscellaneous Observations On Important Theological Subjects").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:479-90.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Turretin, Francis.  "Can the existence of God be irrefutably demonstrated against atheists?"  "Are there any atheists properly so called?"  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:169-80.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Lesson 15: The Westminster Confession of Faith

Machen, J. Gresham.  "The Creeds and Doctrinal Advance."  In God Transcendent, 144-53.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1949.

*Murray, John.  "The Creedal Basis of the Church."  In Collected Writings of John Murray, 1:280-87.  "The Theology of the Westminster Confession of Faith," 4:241-63.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Westminster Assembly and Its Work," "The Making of the Westminster Confession, and Especially of Its Chapter On the Decree of God," 3-122.

Part II: Theology

Lesson 16: The Infinity, Eternity and Immutability of God

Ames, William.   The Marrow of Theology, "Introduction," "God and His Essence," 1-11, 83-87.  Translated by John D. Eusden.  Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1968.

Anselm.  "Proslogion."  In Anselm of Canterbury, 1:87-112.  Edited and translated by Jasper Hopkins and Herbert Richardson.  Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1974-76.

Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.x, xiii.1 (1:96-99, 120-21).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

*Charnock, Stephen.  "A Discourse Upon God's Being a Spirit," "A Discourse Upon the Eternity of God," "A Discourse Upon the Immutability of God," "A Discourse Upon the Omnipresence of God."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 1:258-82, 345-456.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Helm, Paul.  "Eternal Creation," Tyndale Bulletin 45(1994):321-38.

Helm, Paul.  "Introduction," "The Issue of Divine Eternity," "What is Divine Eternity?" "Eternity and Personality."  In Eternal God, xi-xv, 1-40, 56-72.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

*Helm, Paul.  "The Impossibility of Divine Passibility."  In The Power and Weakness of God: Impassibility and Orthodoxy, 119-40.  Edited by Nigel M. de S. Cameron.  Edinburgh: Rutherford House Books, 1990.

*Howe, John.  Lectures XVII-XIX of part I in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1103-12.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.  

Owen, John.  Chapter XII of "Of the Mortification of Sin in Believers."  In The Works of John Owen, 6:63-70.  "Of the attribution of passions and affections, anger, fear, repentance unto God" (chapter IV of "Vindiciae Evangelicae; Or the Mystery of the Gospel Vindicated and Socinianism Examined"), 12:108-15.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

Pelikan, Jaroslav.  "The Language of Negation," "The Lexicon of Transcendence."  In Christianity and Classical Culture, 40-56, 200-14.  New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

*Prestige, G. L.  "Elements of Theism."  Chapter I in God in Patristic Thought, 1-24.  London: S. P. C. K., 1952.

Shedd, William G. T.  Dogmatic Theology, "Nature and Definition of God," "Divine Attributes," 1:170-78, 342-53.  1888.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Can the divine attributes be really distinguished from the divine essence?," "Is the distinction of attributes into communicable and incommunicable a good one?," "The Simplicity of God," "The Infinity of God," "The Immensity of God," "The Eternity of God," "The Immutability of God."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:187-206.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith II.i-iii, IV.1, V.iv; Larger Catechism 1, 6-9, 101, 196; Shorter Catechism 4-5.

Lesson 17: The Omniscience of God

*Charnock, Stephen.  "A Discourse Upon God's Knowledge," "A Discourse Upon the Wisdom of God."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 1:457-536, 2:3-98.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Cunningham, William.  "Predestination, and the Omniscience of God."  In Historical Theology, 2:441-49.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.

*Edwards, Jonathan.  "The evidence of God's certain foreknowledge of the volitions of moral agents," "God's certain foreknowledge of the future volitions of moral agents, inconsistent with such a contingence of those volitions as is without all necessity" (part II, sections XI-XII, of "A Careful and Strict Inquiry Into the Prevailing Notions of the Freedom of Will").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 1:30-39.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Heppe, Heinrich.  Reformed Dogmatics, "The Attributes of God," 69-81.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

Howe, John.  Lecture XXI of part I in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1115-19.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838. 

Owen, John.  "Of God's prescience or foreknowledge" (chapter V of "Vindiciae Evangelicae; Or the Mystery of the Gospel Vindicated and Socinianism Examined").  In The Works of John Owen, 12:126-40.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Turretin, Francis.  "The Knowledge of God," "Middle Knowledge."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:206-18.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith II.i-ii; Larger Catechism 7; Shorter Catechism 4.

Lesson 18: The Will and Power of God

Burgess, Anthony.  "Shewing that the damnation of wicked men is unpleasing to God, and that which he delights not in."  Sermon LXVI of Spiritual Refining: or a Treatise of Grace and Assurance, 403-08.  London: A. Miller for Thomas Underhill, 1652.

Calvin, John.  Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God, 105-09, 182-85.  Translated by J. K. S. Reid.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1961.

Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.xvii.2, xviii.3-4 (1:212-14, 232-37).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

*Charnock, Stephen.  "A Discourse Upon the Power of God."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 2:99-187.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Cunningham, William.  "Predestination, and the Sovereignty of God."  In Historical Theology, 2:449-59.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.

Dabney, Robert L.  "God's Indiscriminate Proposals of Mercy, As Related to His Power, Wisdom, and Sincerity."  In Discussions: Evangelical and Theological, 1:282-313.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1967.

Edwards, Jonathan.  Paragraphs 9 and 13 of "Concerning the Divine Decrees in General, and Election in Particular" (chapter III of "Remarks on Important Theological Controversies").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:527-29.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Heppe, Heinrich.  Reformed Dogmatics, "The Attributes of God," 81-92, 99-104.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

*Howe, John.  The Works of John Howe, "The Reconcileableness of God's Prescience of the Sins of Men, With the Wisdom and Sincerity of His Counsels, Exhortations, and Whatsoever Means He Uses To Prevent Them," consideration IV and appendix of "The Redeemer's Tears Wept Over Lost Souls," 1:114-27, 446-47, 454-56.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.  Also in The Works of John Howe, 2:358-62, 385-89, 474-513.  1848.  Reprint.  Ligonier, Penn: Soli Deo Gloria, 1990.

*Owen, John.  "Whether the will and purpose of God may be resisted, and he be frustrate of his intentions" (chapter V of "A Display of Arminianism").  In The Works of John Owen, 10:43-52.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

Rutherford, Samuel.  Christ Dying and Drawing Sinners To Himself, 415-16 (Ggg4), 443-45 (lll2-3).  London: J. D. for Andrew Crooke, 1647.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Does God will some things necessarily and others freely?," "May the will be properly distinguished into the will of decree and of precept, good purpose and good pleasure, signified, secret and revealed?," "May the will be properly distinguished into antecedent and consequent, efficacious and inefficacious, conditional and absolute?," "Can any cause be assigned for the will of God?," "The Power of God."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:218-32, 244-50.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.i, II.i-iii, III.i, v-viii, IV.i, V.i, iv, VIII.ii, viii, X.i, XIX.vi-vii, XXI.i, iii, XXV.v, XXVIII.vi, XXXII.iii, XXXIII.ii; Larger Catechism 7, 9, 12-15, 19, 37, 43, 52, 55, 56, 67, 79, 91, 93, 95, 157, 159, 185, 189, 191-92; Shorter Catechism 4, 6-7, 9, 22, 24, 39, 98, 103, 107.

Lesson 19: The Holiness, Justice and Sovereign Dominion of God

*Charnock, Stephen.  The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, "A Discourse Upon the Holiness of God" (excluding Observation III, "The purity of his nature in all his acts about sin), "A Discourse Upon God's Dominion," 2:188-215, 242-74, 400-99.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Edwards, Jonathan.  "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," "Divine Sovereignty."  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:7-12, 107-10.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Heppe, Heinrich.  Reformed Dogmatics, "The Attributes of God," 92-99.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

Howe, John.  Lecture XXII of part I in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1119-22.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.

*Owen, John.  The Works of John Owen, "A Dissertation On Divine Justice," 10:481-82, 500-24, 541-69, 583-97, 618-24.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Turretin, Francis.   "Is the will of God the primary rule of justice?," "The Justice of God," "The Dominion and Sovereignty of God."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:232-41, 250-53.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith II.i-ii; Larger Catechism 7; Shorter Catechism 4.

Lesson 20: The Goodness of God

*Charnock, Stephen.  "A Discourse Upon the Goodness of God," "A Discourse Upon God's Patience."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 2:275-399, 500-44.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Gill, John.  "Of the Grace of God," "Of the Mercy of God."  Chapters XIII-XIV of book I of "A Body of Doctrinal Divinity."  In A Complete Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 81-89.  London: Tegg, 1839.

Goodwin, Thomas.  Chapters 1-3, 10-12, and 14, of "Of the Object and Acts of Justifying Faith."  In The Works of Thomas Goodwin, 8:3-11, 74-114, 125-33.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1861-66.

*Howe, John.  Lectures XXIII-XXIV of part I, and lectures XLIV-XLV of part II, in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1122-28, 1259-65.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838. 

*Owen, John.  The Works of John Owen, "A Practical Exposition Upon Psalm 130," 6:398-404.  "The Strength of Faith," 9:37-45.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

Rutherford, Samuel.  Christ Dying and Drawing Sinners To Himself, 440-43 (Kkk4-Lll2).  London: J. D. for Andrew Crooke, 1647.

Turretin, Francis.  "The Goodness, Love, Grace and Mercy of God."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:241-44.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Vos, Geerhardus.  "The Scriptural Doctrine of the Love of God."  In Redemptive History and Biblical Interpretation: The Shorter Writings of Geerhardus Vos, 425-57.  Edited by Richard B. Gaffin.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1980.  Reprinted from The Presbyterian and Reformed Review 13(1902):1-37.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  "God's Immeasurable Love."  In The Saviour of the World, 101-130.  1916.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1991.  Reprinted in Biblical and Theological Studies, 505-522.  Edited by Samuel G. Craig.  Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1952.

Westminster Confession of Faith II.i-ii; Larger Catechism 7; Shorter Catechism 4.

Lesson 21: The Trinity in Patristic Theology

*Kelly, J. N. D.  Early Christian Doctrines, 83-87, 95-137, 223-79.  Fourth edition.  London: Adam and Charles Black, 1968.

Pelikan, Jaroslav.  The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971-89.  "The Filioque."  In vol. 2, The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600-1700), 183-98.

*Prestige, G. L.  God in Patristic Thought, 76-301.  London: S. P. C. K., 1952.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "Tertullian and the Beginnings of the Doctrine of the Trinity."  In vol. 4, Studies in Tertullian and Augustine, 3-109.

Lesson 22: Athanasius, Gregory of Nyssa and Augustine on the Trinity

Athanasius.  Paragraphs 1-3 and 9-33 of epistles I, epistles II-III.  In Letters of Saint Athanasius Concerning the Holy Spirit, 58-68, 80-178.  Translated by C. R. B. Shapland.  New York: Philosophical Library, 1951.

Athanasius.  A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1955.  "De Decretis, or Defence of the Nicene Definition," paragraphs 1-45 of discourse I, discourse II, and paragraphs 1-25 and 58-67 of discourse III of "Discourses Against the Arians."  In vol. 4, Select Writings and Letters of Athanasius, 150-72, 306-33, 348-407, 425-31.

*Augustine.  A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, First Series.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1956.  Introductory essay by W. G. T. Shedd, paragraphs 1-28 of book I, paragraphs 1-10 of book II, paragraphs 27-32 of book IV, books V-VII, paragraphs 1-8 and 14 of book VIII,  paragraphs 1-8 of book IX, paragraphs 17-19 of book X, paragraphs 11-21 of book XIV, paragraphs 1-13 and 27-51 of book XV, of "On the Trinity."  In vol. 3, St. Augustin: On the Holy Trinity, Doctrinal Treatises, Moral Treatises, 3-11, 17-33, 37-42, 83-120, 124-29, 142-43, 188-95, 199-206, 215-28.  Note the valuable footnotes by Shedd.

Gregory of Nyssa.  A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1955.  "On Not Three Gods."  In vol. 5, Gregory of Nyssa: Dogmatic Treatises, Etc., 331-39.

Lesson 23: The Trinity in Reformed Theology

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.xiii.1-29 (1:120-59).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

Chalmers, Thomas.  Posthumous Works of Thomas Chalmers.  Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox, 1847-49.  "On the Moral Uses of the Doctrine that Christ is God."  In vol. 8, Institutes of Theology, 443-52.

Cunningham, William.  "Distinction of Persons in the Godhead."  Historical Theology, 2:192-203.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.

Goodwin, Thomas.  "That the three persons in the Godhead have an union and communion between themselves apart, and incommunicable unto us" (chapter IV of "The Knowledge of God the Father, and His Son Jesus Christ."  In The Works of Thomas Goodwin, 4:362-72.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1861-66.

Heppe, Heinrich.  "The Holy Trinity."  In Reformed Dogmatics, 105-32.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

*Howe, John.  The Works of John Howe, "A Calm and Sober Inquiry Concerning the Possibility of a Trinity in the Godhead," 1:136-45.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.  Also in The Works of John Howe, 2:527-54.  1848.  Reprint.  Ligonier, Penn: Soli Deo Gloria, 1990.

Owen, John.  The Works of John Owen, "A Brief Declaration and Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity," 2:365-413.  Discourse XXII of "Sermons Published 1760," 9:612-15.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Turretin, Francis.  "The Holy Trinity," "Is the mystery of the Trinity a fundamental article of faith?" "In the one divine essence are there three distinct persons?" "Can the mystery of the Trinity be proved from the Old Testament?" "Can the divine persons be distinguished from the essence?" "The Diety of the Son," "The Eternal Generation of the Son," "The Deity of the Holy Spirit," "The Procession of the Holy Spirit."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:253-310.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "Calvin's Doctrine of the Trinity."  In vol. 5, Calvin and Calvinism, 189-284.

Westminster Confession of Faith II.iii, VIII.ii; Larger Catechism 8-11, 36; Shorter Catechism 5-6.

Lesson 24: The Trinity in American Reformed Theology

Edwards, Jonathan.  "An Essay on the Trinity."  In Treatise On Grace and other posthumously published writings, 99-131.  Edited by Paul Helm.  Cambridge: James Clarke and Co. Ltd., 1971.

Edwards, Jonathan.  "Observations Concerning the Divinity Of Christ and the Doctrine of the Trinity" (part III of "Miscellaneous Observations On Important Theological Subjects").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:499-510.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

*Murray, John.  "Jesus the Son of God."  In Collected Writings of John Murray, 4:58-81.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

Shedd, William G. T.  "Trinity in Unity."  In Dogmatic Theology, 1:249-333.  1888.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

Thornwell, James Henley.  "The Personality of the Holy Ghost."  In The Collected Writings of James Henley Thornwell, 2:337-67.  1875.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "The Spirit of God in the Old Testament," "The Biblical Doctrine of the Trinity."  In vol. 2, Biblical Doctrines, 101-72.  "The Divine Messiah in the Old Testament."  In vol. 3, Christology and Criticism, 3-49.

Lesson 25: God's Eternal Decree

Ames, William.  "The Decree and Counsel of God."  Book I, chapter VII, in The Marrow of Theology, 94-100.  Translated by John D. Eusden.  Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1968.

Beza, Theodore.  Questions 171-194 of A Little Book of Christian Questions and Responses, 67-83.  Allison Park, Penn.: Pickwick Publications, 1986.

Cunningham, William.  "The Decrees of God."  In Historical Theology, 2:416-30.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.

*Edwards, Jonathan.  Paragraphs 1-35, 59-62, of "Concerning the Divine Decrees in General, and Election in Particular" (chapter III of "Remarks on Important Theological Controversies").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:525-35, 542-43.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Heppe, Heinrich.  "The Decrees of God."  In Reformed Dogmatics, 133-49.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

Howe, John.  Lectures I and V-VIII of part II in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1133-37, 1146-58.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.

*Owen, John.  "Of the eternity and immutability of the decrees of Almighty God" (chapter II of "A Display of Arminianism").  In The Works of John Owen, 10:14-22.  "The Immutability of the Purposes of God" (chapter III of "The Doctrine of the Saints' Perseverance"), 11:140-51, 160-67.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

*Shedd, William G. T.  "The Divine Decrees."  In Dogmatic Theology, 1:393-415, 3:157-61.  1888.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Are decrees in God?" "Are the decrees of God eternal?" "Are there conditional decrees?" "Does the decree necessitate future things?" "The End of Life."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:311-29.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith III.i-ii, V.ii; Larger Catechism 12, 14; Shorter Catechism 7-8.

Lesson 26: Predestination in Reformed Theology to 1675

*Ames, William.   "Predestination."  In The Marrow of Theology, 152-56.  Translated by John D. Eusden.  Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1968.

Beza, Theodore.  Questions 195-209 of A Little Book of Christian Questions and Responses, 83-97.  Allison Park, Penn.: Pickwick Publications, 1986.

Calvin, John.  Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God, 45-161.  Translated by J. K. S. Reid.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1961.

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion III.xxi-xxiii (2:920-64).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

*Canons of Dort, First Head of Doctrine (Divine Election and Reprobation).  In Crisis in the Reformed Churches, 229-39.  Edited by Peter Y. De Jong.  Grand Rapids: Reformed Fellowship, 1968.

Cunningham, William.  The Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation, "Calvin and Beza," 358-71.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1967.

*Heppe, Heinrich.  "Predestination."  In Reformed Dogmatics, 150-89.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

Klooster, Fred H.  Calvin's Doctrine of Predestination, 7-60.  Grand Rapids: Calvin Theological Seminary, 1961.

Murray, John.  Collected Writings of John Murray, "Calvin on the Sovereignty of God," "Calvin, Dordt and Westminster on Predestination," 4:191-99, 205-15.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  Vol. 6, The Westminster Assembly and Its Work, "The Formulation of the Third Chapter" (part II of "The Making of the Westminster Confession, and Especially of Its Chapter On the Decree of God"), 122-51.  "Predestination in the Reformed Confessions."  In vol. 9, Studies in Theology, 117-231.

Westminster Confession of Faith III.iii-viii; Larger Catechism 13; Shorter Catechism 20.

Zanchius, Jerome.  Chapters I and V of The Doctrine of Absolute Predestination, translated by Augustus Toplady.  In The Works of Augustus Toplady, 687-90, 704-16.  London: J. Chidley, 1837.

Lesson 27: Predestination in Reformed Theology from 1675

Cunningham, William.  "Predestination - State of the Question," "Objections against Predestination."  In Historical Theology, 2:430-38, 472-89.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.

*Cunningham, William.  The Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation, "Calvinism and Arminianism," "Calvinism and Its Practical Application," 430-48, 525-31, 536-65, 591-99.  1862.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1967.

Edwards, Jonathan.  Paragraphs 45-58 of "Concerning the Divine Decrees in General, and Election in Particular" (chapter III of "Remarks on Important Theological Controversies").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 2:537-42.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Heidegger, Johann Heinrich.  Formula Consensus Helvetica.  In A. A. Hodge, Outlines of Theology, 656-63.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1972.

Hodge, Charles.  "Supralapsarianism," "Infralapsarianism," "Hypothetical Redemption."  In Systematic Theology, 2:316-24.  1871.  Reprint.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1960.

Howe, John.  Lectures II-IV of part II in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1138-46.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.

Murray, John.  The Epistle to the Romans, 1:315-21, 2:8-45 (on Romans 8:29-30, 9:6-33).  London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 1967.

Shedd, W. G. T.  "The Meaning and Value of the Doctrine of Decrees."  In Calvinism: Pure and Mixed, 29-68.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1986.

*Shedd, William G. T.  Dogmatic Theology, "The Divine Decrees," 1:415-62, 3:179-92.  1888.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

*Turretin, Francis.  "Predestination," "The Predestination of Angels," "The Object of Predestination," "The Cause of Election," "The Certainty of Election," "Reprobation," "The Order of the Divine Decrees in Predestination."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:329-430.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Warfield, Benjamin B.  The Plan of Salvation.  Revised edition 1935.  Boonton, N.J.: Simpson Publishing Company, 1989.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "Predestination."  In vol. 2, Biblical Doctrines, 3-67.

Lesson 28: Creation

*Augustine.  Books XI-XIII of The Confessions of St. Augustine, translated by F. J. Sheed, 208-90.  London: Sheed and Ward, 1944.

Basil.  A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1955.  Homilies 1-3, 5, 6 (sections 1-7), and 9 of "The Nine Homilies of the Hexaemeron."  In vol. 8, St. Basil: Letters and Select Works, 8:52-71, 76-86, 101-07.

*Bavinck, Herman.  "Creation," "Heaven: the Spiritual World."  In In the Beginning: Foundations of Creation Theology, 23-93.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999.

Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.xiv.1-12, 20-22 (1:159-72, 179-82).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

*Edwards, Jonathan.  "A Dissertation Concerning the End for which God Created the World," "Angels."  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 1:94-121, 604-07.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

Goodwin, Thomas.  Chapter III of "Of the Creatures, and the Condition of Their State By Creation."  In The Works of Thomas Goodwin, 7:17-21.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1861-66.

Heppe, Heinrich.  "Creation," "Angels Good and Bad."  In Reformed Dogmatics, 190-215.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

*Hodge, Charles.  Systematic Theology, "Creation," 1:558-68.  1871.  Reprint.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1960.

*Howe, John.  Lectures X-XI, XIV of part II in "The Principles of the Oracles of God."  In The Works of John Howe, 2:1162-67, 1171-73.  New York: John P. Haven, 1838.

Machen, J. Gresham.  "God's Works of Creation and Providence."  In The Christian View of Man, 79-89.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965.

Owen, John.  "Peculiar Works of the Holy Spirit in the First or Old Creation" (chapter V of "Pneumatologia, or A Discourse Concerning the Holy Spirit").  In The Works of John Owen, 3:92-105.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

Prestige, G. L.  "Divine Transcendence."  Chapter II in God in Patristic Thought, 25-54.  London: S. P. C. K., 1952.

Turretin, Francis.  "What is creation?" "Is the ability to create communicable to any creature?" "Was the world from eternity?" "Angels."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:431-41, 539-67.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith IV.i-ii; Larger Catechism 1, 15-17, Shorter Catechism 1, 9-10.

Lesson 29: Creation and Science

*Bavinck, Herman.  "Earth: the Material World."  In In the Beginning: Foundations of Creation Theology, 95-133.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999.

Clark, Gordon H.  "The Limits and Uses of Science."  In Horizons of Science: Christian Scholars Speak Out, 258-72.  Edited by Carl F. H. Henry.  San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1978.  Reprinted in Gordon H. Clark, The Philosophy of Science and Belief in God, 96-113.  Second edition.  Jefferson, Maryland: Trinity Foundation, 1987.

Hodge, Charles.  What is Darwinism?, 61-98, 129-57.  Edited by Mark A. Noll and David N. Livingstone.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Machen, J. Gresham.  "Did God Create Man?"  In The Christian View of Man, 114-24.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965.

Meyer, Stephen C.  "The Methodological Equivalence of Design and Descent: Can There Be a Scientific Theory of Creation?"  In Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence For An Intelligent Designer, 67-112.  Edited by J. P. Moreland.  Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1994.

Moreland, J. P.  "Theistic Science and Methodological Naturalism."  In Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence For An Intelligent Designer, 41-66.  Edited by J. P. Moreland.  Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1994.

Murray, John.  "Calvin's Doctrine of Creation," Westminster Theological Journal 17(1954-55):21-43.

*Plantinga, Alvin.  "When Faith and Reason Clash: Evolution and the Bible," Christian Scholar's Review 21(1991):8-32.

*Ratzsch, Del.  Philosophy of Science: The Natural Sciences in Christian Perspective, 41-127.  Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1986.

Turretin, Francis.  "Was the world created in a moment?" "In what order were the works of creation produced by God in the six days?"  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:444-52.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

*Weeks, Noel.  "The Creation Account."  In The Sufficiency of Scripture, 95-118.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1988.

*Young, Edward J.  "The Days of Genesis."  In Studies in Genesis One, 43-105.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1964.

Young, Edward J.  In the Beginning: Genesis Chapters 1 to 3 and the Authority of Scripture, 11-57.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976.

Lesson 30: Providence

*Bavinck, Herman.  "Providence."  In In the Beginning: Foundations of Creation Theology, 229-60.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999.

*Calvin, John.  "Providence."  In Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God, 162-185.  Translated by J. K. S. Reid.  London: James Clarke and Company, 1961.

*Calvin, John.  Institutes of the Christian Religion I.xvi-xviii (1:197-237).  Edited by John T. McNeill, translated by Ford Lewis Battles.  Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

Charnock, Stephen.  "A Discourse of Divine Providence."  In The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 1:6-120.  Observation III ("The purity of his nature in all his acts about sin") in "A Discourse Upon the Holiness of God," 2:215-42.  Edinburgh: James Nichol, 1864-66.

Edwards, Jonathan.  "Concerning that objection against the doctrine which has been maintained, that it makes God the author of sin" (part IV, section IX, of "A Careful and Strict Inquiry Into the Prevailing Notions of the Freedom of Will").  In The Works of Jonathan Edwards, 1:75-79.  Edited by Edward Hickman.  1834.  Reprint.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1974.

*Helm, Paul.  The Providence of God, 39-91, 145-233.  Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1994.

*Heppe, Heinrich.  "Providence."  In Reformed Dogmatics, 251-80.  1950.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978.

Machen, J. Gresham.  "God's Works of Providence."  In The Christian View of Man, 90-101.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965.

Murray, John.  Collected Writings of John Murray, "The Mystery of Providence," 3:161-67; "Calvin on the Sovereignty of God," 4:199-204.  Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1976-82.

Olevianus, Caspar.  A Firm Foundation, 24-33.  Translated by Lyle D. Biersma.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1995.

Owen, John.  "Of the providence of God in governing the world diversely" (chapter IV of "A Display of Arminianism").  In The Works of John Owen, 10:30-43.  Edited by William H. Goold.  1850-53.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965-68.

Prestige, G. L.  God in Patristic Thought, "Divine Providence," 55-67.  London: S. P. C. K., 1952.

*Turretin, Francis.  "The Actual Providence of God."  In Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 1:489-538.  Translated by George Musgrave Giger.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1992-97.

Westminster Confession of Faith I.i, viii, V, VI.i, XXI.vi; Larger Catechism 14, 18-20, 190, 192-93, 195; Shorter Catechism 8, 11-12.

Lesson 31: Supernaturalism and Miracles

Henry, Carl F. H.  God, Revelation and Authority.  Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1976-83.  "Shall We Surrender the Supernatural?" "The Resurgence of Process Theology."  In vol. 6, God Who Stands and Stays: Part Two, 11-34, 52-75.

*Holmes, Arthur F.  "Why God Cannot Act."  In Process Theology, 177-95.  Edited by Ronald Nash.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987.

Machen, J. Gresham.  "Miracles."  In The Christian View of Man, 102-13.  London: Banner of Truth Trust, 1965.

Shedd, William G. T.  "Miracles."  In Dogmatic Theology, 533-46.  1888.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  "The Cessation of the Charismata," "Roman Catholics Miracles."  In Counterfeit Miracles, 1-31, 73-124.  1918.  Reprint.  London: Banner of Truth, 1972.

*Warfield, Benjamin B.  "The Question of Miracles."  In Selected Shorter Writings of Benjamin B. Warfield, 2:167-204.  Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1970-73.

*Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge.  The Works of Benjamin B. Warfield.  1927-32.  Reprint.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.  "Christian Supernaturalism."  In vol. 9, Studies in Theology, 25-46.

Reference Sources

*Beeke, Joel R., and Ferguson, Sinclair B., editors.  Reformed Confessions Harmonized.  Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1999.

Cameron, Nigel M. de S., editor.  Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology.  Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1993.

Muller, Richard A.  Dictionary of Latin and Greek Terms, Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology.  Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1985.

*Ferguson, Sinclair B., Wright, David F., and Packer, J. I., editors.  New Dictionary of Theology.  Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1988.

*Shaw, Robert.  Exposition of the Westminster Confession of Faith.  1845.  Reprint.  The Reformed Faith: An Exposition of the Westminster Confession of Faith.  Inverness: Christian Focus Publications, 1974.

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